Supporting Arabic in cooperation with ….
Marhaba and welcome to the Arabic Zone !
We all want to see the beautiful Arabic language thrive in the UK and the best way to do this is through sharing and learning from each other. That’s why the Arabic Zone is being set up and we hope you’ll take a look and see the fantastic range of resources that have already been posted. These are resources by teachers for teachers and we hope they will grow and grow. So please consider making a contribution however small and submit to [email protected] with ‘Arabic Zone’ in the title.
Access to the ALL Arabic Zone is free to all at present and will remain free for members of ALL, the voice for all language teachers, including those working in community based schools. More than ever it is important for teachers of Languages to work together. So, if you're not a member already, please consider joining. This will allow you access to many other resources, professional development events and the national Language World conference. You will also receive the association's magazine 'Languages Today'.
Amazing news for Arabic
Here we celebrate all things Arabic - language learners and teachers, cultural events,
support for teachers, and challenges and opportunities for learners. Let us know your Amazing News!
Horton Park / Qatar
Horton Park Acadamy pupils explore language and culture in Qatar with QFI's support.
Arabic and me
‘Arabic and me’ is a competition in New South Wales, Australia, involving digital skills (open in NSW only) which might inspire you to create a competition in the UK?
http://arabicandme.org.au/
Welcoming languages
Welcoming Languages: Including a Refugee Language in Scottish Education
This project explores the inclusion of a ‘refugee language’ in Scottish education as a way to enact the idea of ‘integration as a two-way process’ that is at the heart of the New Scots Refugee Integration Strategy.
The project has involved education staff in learning Arabic to welcome new arrivals. The project report includes findings, such as:
Education staff who had been learning Arabic reported that they ' found that learning basic Arabic is practically useful: it allows them to use simple language to attract the children's attention; to give them some simple instructions; and to make connections between their learning in English and their existing knowledge.
Learning basic Arabic was found to have huge symbolic value. All staff interviewed told us that the Arabic speaking children greatly appreciated the efforts made by staff in their schools, and that they felt proud to be able to help staff practise Arabic.
NaTakallam
Offers award-winning, high-quality language learning programs delivered by refugees, for all levels of Arabic, Armenian, French, Kurdish, Persian and Spanish, as well as professional translation services to individuals and organizations worldwide.
Congratulations and thanks
Congratulations, teachers of Arabic!
ALL is thrilled to be launching the Arabic Zone. Arabic language teachers, who volunteered to share their expertise, have been building this Zone to promote Arabic teaching and learning and to support the development of the Arabic teacher community. We much hope you’ll enjoy discovering the resources available here and invite you to get in touch to share your own work and/or to recommend any resources.
Heartfelt thanks to the volunteers who have worked together to launch this Arabic Zone, including Sahar Y.I. Alshobaki, Seloua Aizeboudjene, Jim Anderson, Noreia Benhalima, Luma Hameed and Fatima Khaled.
Please visit other areas of the ALL website. All languages teachers have strategies in common and we here at ALL want to celebrate and support all languages teachers and their work.
The Arabic Zone depends on enthusiasts to share; over to you! Join the team!
Steven Fawkes and Judith Rifeser for ALL
Have you read the latest copy of Languages Today?
Resources
The Arabic Zone is grateful to teachers who share their resources and recommendations here.
The copyright on these remains with their creator.
Resources are proofread, but if typos still exist, please let us know via email.
Arabic Language Movies
The Best Arabic-Language Movies from the 2010s, Ranked.
Please click here to view.
Arabikey
ArabiKey is a new website, centred around the Arabic language and featuring a free Arabic keyboard which emulates the Windows keyboard.
What is the purpose of this Online Arabic Keyboard?
As an online Arabic teacher, the idea of creating an online Arabic keyboard came to me when I found my students were struggling with the digital homework I would give them, primarily because they didn't know how to type in Arabic on their computer. In fact, a lot of them didn't know how to add an Arabic keyboard to their system, and for those that did, not being able to see the letters they were typing represented a huge handicap.
So, I decided to create an online keyboard for computer users possessing keyboards without Arabic letters displayed.
Please click here to read more.
Arabic Digital Book
Congratulations to Luma Hameed and her colleagues on the launch in December 2021 of this new resource, the first stage of ‘Yalla Arabi’, Arabic as a Foreign Language.
Please click here for more information.
Cultural capital
Images and presentations around the issue of including culture in lessons.
Arabic writing mat
Writing mats are useful to support students in their writing tasks whey they run out if ideas or are not sure how to structure their work .
This one is shared by Luma Hameed - Arabic writing mat
QFI Resources
QFI Resources
Arabic Educator Bulletin
The Arabic Educator Bulletin is a monthly newsletter for educators, administrators, policymakers, and researchers interested in Arabic language teaching and learning at the primary and secondary levels. The Bulletin shares classroom resources and activities, upcoming workshops and conferences, job postings, grant opportunities, and news related to Arabic language education across the US and Europe.
Sign up via this link.
Arabic Teacher Councils
QFI supports Arabic Teacher Councils (ATCs) for educators in the US, UK, and Germany. Each council organizes activities, professional development events, workshops, and webinars, among other activities, throughout the academic year to professionalize the teaching of the Arabic language. ATCs also provide networks for educators to exchange ideas, share resources and build community with others in their field.
In the UK, QFI supports six ATCs:
• UK Newcastle Arabic Teacher Council
• UK Midlands Arabic Teacher Council
• West Yorkshire Arabic Teacher Council
• Arabic Teacher Council in North West England
• London and Southern Arabic Teacher Council
• Liverpool Arabic Teacher Council
To join or start a council in your country, learn more about ATC activities, and participate in upcoming events, please click here.
Tilemaker
QFI’s Tilemaker is a mosaic tile generator app that allows students to explore geometric design and to create their own tiles using symmetry, tessellation and calligraphy. Students are introduced to the basic principles of mosaic design which opens up a whole world of artistic and cultural heritage.
Please click here for full details.
Arabic in Maths and English
Step Feed - 9 words that show how much of English and Maths is actually Arabic: Click Here
Australian ‘Open Language’ initiative. Resource bank for various languages including Arabic
The Sydney Institute for Community Languages Education (SICLE) has established this portal to bring together available resources to support teaching both in out-of-hours community languages schools and primary and secondary schools.
http://openlanguage.org.au/arabic-topics/
Themes :
Culture and celebrations (including events, music, dance, traditional stories, mythology, folktales, drama)
Food and shopping (including customs, cooking, shopping, basic maths)
Myself and my family (including greetings, introductions, feelings, identity, descriptions, pets, daily routines, body/health)
My community, my school (including friends, sport, technology)
Resources shared at the ALL Arabic Zone launch event June 2021
Teachers of Arabic from around the world joined ALL Members to launch the ALL Arabic Zone on Zoom ! They heard about the great work of volunteers in sharing content and the invitation to others to contribute their own ideas and then enjoyed an enthusiastic and joyful Show & Tell event; you can view a recording from Recent Events on this page. Some of the contributions are also listed here.
'Resources for the Arabic classroom: Film, Video and Audiovisual Media'
This contribution offers a brief overview of the Film in Language Teaching Association (FILTA) and introduces some of the available resources (for example, the Arabic study guides) and the Arabic Group, led by Dr Salwa Mohamed. It presents the recent INSET, delivered by the Manchester Metropolitan research group Film, Languages and Media in Education (FLAME): Using Short Film Creatively in the Arabic Language Classroom, and resources, materials and links to videos. This workshop was part of the research project Transmedia in Education: New Approaches to Transmedia and Language Pedagogy, linked to the Cross-Language Dynamics (AHRC).
The final part of this presentation/materials invites Arabic Language Teachers to join FILTA (https://www.filta.org.uk) [free membership] and share resources related to this area.
Finally, the research group FLAME
https://www.mmu.ac.uk/languages/flame/ welcomes possible research collaborations from Arabic Language Teachers working on this interdisciplinary field.
Finger Puppets
Doaa Mohamed contributes this note about how she use Finger Puppets in Arabic teaching, as she demonstrated in the launch event.
I have seen so many of my students shy away from speaking during lessons. They somehow feel more confident and start speaking when they use one of my finger puppets. The lion puppet “Assad” is especially a big hit with students of all abilities and interests.
They use them to have fun practicing conversational skills, to make up stories, create new sentences and so much more.
Dooa says : ‘Thank you for a heart-warming Zoom meeting “ALL Arabic Zone Launch”. I learned a lot from all the creative teachers who participated, and hope to stay in connect with this wonderful group of people.’
Noughts and Crosses with Powerpoint
Mevludin Shah presented in the Arabic Zone launch event his strategies for using triggers and images in Powerpoint to construct interactive language games. He shares this now on YouTube.
Mevludin has other YouTube clips for teachers of Arabic that you will enjoy, and you can find his channel here :
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC-tGfIAVhIWK7ZIqZPWDRHg
and video clips, for example on
Arabic vowels
Arabic letters
Arabic handwriting
Planning and Curriculum
First year of Arabic – scheme of work
British Council / QFI Arabic beginners scheme of work for year 7 (or for the first year of learning Arabic language) is available here: https://www.qfi.org/blog/arabic-study-plan-year-7-complete-beginner/
This scheme of work has been prepared to assist teachers of Arabic who are introducing the language to students who have no prior knowledge. It follows a similar approach to the one used for other modern foreign languages and seeks to establish a sound footing for learners who may go on to take the Arabic GCSE. The plan contains a termly curriculum map which outlines the main learning objectives and a detailed scheme of work that sets out the weekly language and culture content for the first year of Arabic learning. There is also an introduction which explains the thinking behind the design and format of the plan.
British Council is hoping to create some related lesson plans in the future.
Email [email protected]
The AATT of curriculum planning - Dr Jennifer Eddy
In her article Dr Jennifer Eddy introduces the principles behind designing the task-based learning modules available, with tools for language teachers, on the Design Space website.
Dr Eddy is an ALL member and very keen to work with British language teacher in projects. Her website (details in the article) contain project plans in a wide range of languages.
Pull through from Guest Blogs on : https://www.all-languages.org.uk/research-practice/practitioner-focus/
A webinar recording can also be accessed on this page: https://www.all-languages.org.uk/research-practice/practitioner-focus/
Recent Events
Arabic Storytelling Workshop – British Council and Qatar Foundation International (QFI)
November 16, 2020
To celebrate International Education Week, British Council and Qatar Foundation International’s (QFI) Arabic Language and Culture programme offered two opportunities for primary and lower secondary pupils;
- An online, traditional, Arabic story-telling workshop for a maximum of 30 participants.
- An opportunity to connect a class with a native Arabic speaker through the NaTakallam project where the speaker was be able to discuss Arabic language and culture with the class, as well as share their own experiences as a refugee.
Arabic Language Zone Show and Tell Webinar
Arabic Language Zone Show and Tell Webinar
Arabic Zone Webinar June 2022
This webinar welcomed Fatima Khaled to speak about her Project Based Learning work, based on language and Art.
Luma Hameed to speak about her e-publication for Secondary Arabic learners.
Please click here for Fatima's Presentation.
Please click here for the session recording.
ALL workshop for teachers: Using short films and videos creatively in the Arabic language classroom
Click here to view the ALL London Workshop
The padlet used at this event contains many useful resources, including a Film glossary and is available here
Shubbak: Walk With Us
For the 2021 webinar, Luma Hameed created some classroom activities for school teachers to follow up and attached them to this flyer.
Arabic Zone Webinar October 2023
In this webinar Luma Hameed gave an update from the Arabic Teachers' Council.
Seloua Izeboudjene talked about games and techniques to teach gender to small children
Mevludin Sahinovich (speaking in a personal capacity) spoke about encouraging speaking in the Arabic language classroom
and Kiyan-Mehdi presented his website Arabikey
Please click here to view the session recording.
Arabic Speaking competition
The British Council introduced this year an exciting opportunity for students at schools in the UK to demonstrate their Arabic language speaking skills. This event is sponsored by Qatar Foundation International (QFI). The pilot British Council Arabic Speaking competition celebrated the achievements of students on 21st. May 2021.
You can read more here
Shubbak: Intercultural Journeys
Intercultural Journeys
Intercultural Journeys was an interactive webinar for students and young people aged 12 years plus taking place on 25 November 2021. Featuring the rapper Felukah, theatre director Omar Elerian and playwright Mudar Alhaggi, it explored self-expression, multi-culturalism and authenticity through the creative use of the Arabic and English languages.
The webinar includes clips of the artists’ work, live activities for students and a Q&A with the artists.
More information here: https://www.shubbak.co.uk/intercultural-journeys/
Future Events
Liverpool Arabic Teachers Council Conference 2025
Are you an MFL educator?
Are you interested in Arabic Language and Culture?
Join us for our FREE Training event.
Please see flyer for full details
Topics:
Arabic Gamification: Sharing Practice.
Between the lines: language across generations.
Arabic Culture: Tea in Arabic Tent Experience.
Preparing Arabic translators and interpreters for the UK language service sector
Goldsmiths: Teaching Arabic 2024
Teaching Arabic Language and Culture in Context is an introduction to up-to-date methods for the teaching of Arabic: Click Here
World Arabic Language Day
World Arabic Language Day is 18th. December
and some activities to help you celebrate with pupils.
Guest Blogs
Multilingual Digital Storytelling
Ms Fatima Khaled (Headteacher of Peace School, London) shares how can we use digital storytelling in the classroom as an approach to help students personalise their learning and make the learning of Arabic language, creative, authentic, cultural and fun.
Culture
For Ms N. Benhalima, learning culture is vital in MFL lessons because it puts the language into context. Here, she shows how students had to design a leaflet for an Arab country to include different cultural aspects such as food, clothes and dialect and present them to the class.
shared by Ms N. Benhalima (Westminster Academy, Teacher (Arabic, French).
Arabic as One: Teaching Adult Learners of Arabic
Here Sahar Y.I. Alshobaki (PhD student, University of Roehampton) shares her research in progress on her approach to teaching Arabic by starting the engagement with a new student by asking them to create their personalised Learner’s Vision.
QFI : Lessons learned
Please click here to be view the QFI Lessons Learned document.
Visual art and Arabic language learning
Jim Anderson, Fatima Khaled and Luma Hameed write about the combination of art, artefacts, emotion and language.
Hameed, Anderson, Khaled and Abdelhadi AZ - Visual art and Arabic language teaching
Support and opportunities for teachers
Arabic Certificate Course
Arabic Teachers' Council in London and Southern England - 2022 Free CPD Sessions!
Goldsmiths, University of London is very pleased to announce the return of the ‘Arabic Certificate Course’.
This course, which draws on Goldsmiths’ substantial experience as a provider of professional development for teachers of Arabic, has been developed through a partnership with the British Council and Qatar Foundation UK. The course promotes a reflective, process-based and collaborative approach to professional development integrating theory and practice. It is based on a combination of lecture workshops, self-study activities and classroom teaching.
For further details on this course and how to apply, please click here.
Contact : [email protected]
British Council programme
The British Council, working with Qatar Foundation International, supports teachers of Arabic in schools in a variety of ways. See also Events.
Arabilicious
A well-established and rich bank of resources for Arabic, with a facility to Join the Facebook group from the website.
Exploiting songs in the classroom
Thoughts from Steven Fawkes on the value, importance and practical usefulness of songs in the hands of the Language teacher.
Professional development for teachers of Arabic in schools
Jim Anderson’s information sheet on QTS/CPD opportunities
Arabic network
There is a forum for teachers of Arabic on jiscmail :
A-level common mistakes
Luma Hameed kindly shares a collection of common mistakes made by students - A level common mistakes
UK Arabic Teacher Councils (ATCs)
QFI currently supports Arabic Teacher Councils (ATCs) for educators in the U.S., UK, and Germany. Each council organizes activities, professional development events, workshops, and webinars, among other activities, throughout the academic year to professionalize the teaching of the Arabic language. ATCs also provide networks for educators to exchange ideas, share resources and build community with others in their field.
In the UK, QFI supports five ATCs:
- Newcastle Arabic Teacher Council
- Midlands Arabic Teacher Council
- West Yorkshire Arabic Teacher Council
- Arabic Teacher Council in North West England
- London and Southern Arabic Teacher Council
Using video in the Arabic Classroom
ALL supports teachers of all languages in learning from each other. Here Steven Fawkes shares introductory thoughts on how language teachers use video resources to support learning. If you have suggestions of video resources for use in lessons, or other strategies please share them with [email protected] who will add them here.
GCSE Arabic conversation
Reflections on the GCSE Arabic Speaking Test and sample useful questions by theme, thanks to Luma Hameed
Challenges and opportunities for learners
Arabic Reading Competition 2025
The Arabic Teachers' Council in London and Southern England is excited to launch this competition for Arabic learners of primary and secondary age, which is supported by the HHCL Advisory Group and the ALL Arabic Zone.
The competition promotes a love of reading aloud in Arabic through engaging stories on diverse themes. Participants will enhance their reading confidence, fluency, comprehension, and vocabulary while competing for four prizes, each of a £100 voucher.
Participants should register through their mainstream school, even if they learn Arabic at a local complementary school or privately. This is to help raise awareness of Arabic learning in mainstream schools.
Schools benefit by fostering extracurricular activities and excitement, especially among students learning Arabic as a foreign language or as a home, heritage or community language.
More information and guidelines are on the ATC link: Click Here
The deadline to register is: Saturday 7th February 2025.
Click here: Form
The winners (one in each category of primary and secondary - heritage and non-heritage learners) will be decided by a judging panel and our guest author 'Sonia Nimr', a Palestinian writer, storyteller, and academic specialising in children's and youth literature in Arabic.
Contact email:
#SpeakArabic
Arabic Speaking Competition (ASC)
The Arabic Speaking Competition #SpeakArabic is an annual competition that inspires and encourages pupils’ Arabic language study while celebrating their skills.
Registration for the 2024 competition is now closed. Click here
Creativity in teaching Arabic
The Arabic Teachers’ Council (ATC) in London and Southern England is pleased to announce the ‘Creativity in Arabic Language Teaching’ competition 2021, funded by Qatar Foundation International (QFI).
This competition aims to encourage teachers to showcase their creative teaching styles and resources, and their impact on learning Arabic as a foreign language. The first three winners will be featured on social media, and in the ALL Arabic Zone, and will receive a prize.
Arabic language teachers are invited to submit their entry by 11/06/2021. Please e-mail Goldsmiths, University of London, teachers’ centre, for the competition pack [email protected].
Hacks for Arabic
Use of digital tools
Ms N. Benhalima shares: “Following a challenging yet insightful and rewarding experience of teaching online throughout the pandemic, I have integrated different digital and platforms tools into MFL lessons to make them engaging and meaningful. These digital platforms were very useful for retrieval practice and also for different online assessments.”
Noreia Benhalima The use of digital tools during lockdown 2.0 shared by Ms N. Benhalima (Westminster Academy, Teacher (Arabic, French).
Quizlet
In this post, Ms N. Benhalima shares her Quizlet work. She notes : “I usually use Quizlet to promote students' independent learning, I also ask students to practice vocabulary/ chunk of sentences that they have learned in previous lessons.
Finally, I use it during the lesson as a plenary "Quizlet Live” which is a competitive game to create fun and engaging learning.”
shared by Ms N. Benhalima (Westminster Academy, Teacher (Arabic, French).
Assessment and Accreditation
Avant Assessment / Seal of Biliteracy
The British Council and QFI are piloting a new initiative with Avant assessment and the Seal of Biliteracy.
This pilot will involve up to 200 Arabic learners of all levels sitting an assessment and getting an accreditation based on the CEFR. We believe that this will have benefits for pupils in terms of motivation and also for teachers as it will give them a detailed diagnostic report on their pupils. Many state schools, school districts and supplementary schools in the US use this test.
Look out for the results of the pilot later in the year.
You can read more about the Seal of Biliteracy in the HHCL Zone:
in the section there called Assessment and Accreditation#
Research
Research summaries from OASIS
The Open Accessible Summaries In Language Studies (OASIS) initiative aims to make research findings on language learning and teaching available and accessible to a wide audience.
OASIS summaries are one-page descriptions of research articles on language learning, language teaching, and multilingualism that have been published in peer-reviewed journals listed on the Social Science Citation Index or the Arts and Humanities Citation Index. The summaries provide information about the study’s goals, how it was conducted, and what was found, and are written in non-technical language. Where relevant, they also highlight findings that may be of particular interest to language educators, although the initiative is not solely aimed at research with immediate practical implications. The summaries are generally approved, and often (co-)written, by the author(s) of the original journal article.
Reading list 1: Recommended articles in the Language Learning Journal
Here, Dr Judith Rifeser (Deputy HMO ALL/ Goldsmiths, University of London) provides a short reading list for Arabic language teachers.
The Language Learning Journal is the official journal of the Association for Language Learning. It is an open access journal by Taylor Francis that publishes international research on the teaching and learning of languages, pedagogy and multilingualism and multiculturalism. ALL members have access to the journal as a member benefit. ALL Language Learning Journal page: https://www.all-languages.org.uk/research-practice/language-learning-journal-llj/
You and/or your school can join to become an ALL member here which provides access to the full range of benefits that ALL has to offer. We also offer corporate membership: https://www.all-languages.org.uk/join/become-a-member/
Within the ALL Language Learning Journal links, the DOI (Direct Object Identifier) will lead directly to the article, if you are an ALL Member.
Anderson, J. (2011) Reshaping pedagogies for a plurilingual agenda. In: Language Learning Journal. 39:2 pp. 135-147. https://doi.org/10.1080/09571736.2011.573683
Anderson, J. (2008) Towards integrated second language teaching pedagogy for foreign and community/heritage languages in multilingual Britain. In: Language Learning Journal. 36:1 pp. 79-89. https://doi.org/10.1080/09571730801988553
McPake, J., Tinsley, T. and James, C. 2007. Making provision for community languages: Issues for teacher education in the UK. The Language Learning Journal, 35(1) pp. 99–112. https://doi.org/10.1080/09571730701317705
Ros i Solé, C. (2013) Cosmopolitan speakers and their cultural cartographies. In: The Language Learning Journal, 41:3 pp. 326-339, DOI: 10.1080/09571736.2013.836349
McPake, J., Tinsley, T. & James, J. (2007) Making provision for community languages: issues for teacher education in the UK. In: The Language Learning Journal, 35:1, pp. 99-112, DOI: 10.1080/09571730701317705
Reading list 2: Further recommended articles and books
Here, Dr Judith Rifeser (Deputy HMO ALL/ Goldsmiths, University of London) provides a short reading list for Arabic language teachers.
Abdelhadi, R., Hameed, L., Khaled, F. and Anderson, J. (2018) Language in Art and the Work of Ali Omar Ermes. London: Goldsmiths, University of London. https://mdstmr.wordpress.com/arabic/a-resource-pack/
Abdelhadi, R., Hameed, L., Khaled, F. and Anderson, J. (2019) Creative interactions with art works: An engaging approach to Arabic language-and-culture learning. In: Innovation in Language Learning and Teaching pp. 273-289. doi: 10.1080/17501229.2019.1579219
Al-Batal, M. (2008) The Teaching of Arabic as a Foreign Language: Issues and Directions. The American Association of Teachers of Arabic.
Al-Busaidi, F. (2015) Arabic in Foreign Language Programmes: Difficulties and Challenges. In: Journal of Educational and Psychological Studies. 9:4 pp. pp. 701-717. https://doi.org/10.24200/jeps.vol9iss4pp701-717
Alosh, M. (2000) Ahlan wa Sahlan: Functional Modern Standard Arabic for Beginners. Instructors’ Handbook. Interactive Teaching of Arabic. New Haven and London: Yale University Press.
Anderson, J. & Macleroy, V. (2017) Connecting worlds: interculturality, identity and multilingual digital stories in the making. In: Language and Intercultural Communication. 17:4 pp. 494-517. DOI: 10.1080/14708477.2017.1375592
Anderson, J. & Obied/Macleroy, V. (2011) Languages, literacies and learning: from monocultural to intercultural perspectives. In: NALDIC Quarterly, 8:3, pp. 16-26.
Anderson, J. & Macleroy, V. (2015) Rethinking multilingualism: trajectories in policy, pedagogy and research in the UK. In A. Yiakoumetti (ed.) Multilingualism and Language in Education: Current Sociolinguistic and Pedagogical Perspectives from Commonwealth Countries. 243-265). Cambridge: CUP.
Bradbury, V. and Jones, A. E. (2006) The implications of bilingual education in Wales for Multilingual schools in England. NALDIC (National Association for Language Development in the Curriculum) Quarterly, 3(4) pp. 31–35.
Brown, K. and Brown, M. 2003. Reflections on Citizenship in a Multilingual World, London: CILT.
Byram, M. (1988) Rethinking foreign language teaching in the UK: What curriculum for a multi-ethnic society?. Journal of Curriculum Studies, 20(3) pp. 247–255. https://doi.org/10.1080/0022027880200304
Byram, M. (1997) Teaching and Assessing Intercultural Communicative Competence, Clevedon: Multilingual Matters
Creese, A., Bhatt, A., Bhojani, N. and Martin, P. W. (2006) Multicultural, heritage and learner identities in complementary schools. Language and Education, 20(1) pp. 23–43. https://doi.org/10.1080/09500780608668708
Gabsi, Z., Patel, F. and Hamad, A. (2015) Trials and tribulations of Sla framework in designing Arabic courses for speakers of other languages, Journal of Education and E-Learning Research, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 13-21. Available at: https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1148710.pdf
Gass, S. (2006) Models of Second Language Acquisition. In: Wahba, K.M., Taha, Z.A. and England, L. (2006) (eds) Handbook for Arabic Language teaching professionals in the 21st Century. Mahwah, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum. pp. 21-33. Available at: https://www.routledgehandbooks.com/doi/10.4324/9780203824757.ch
Macleroy Obied, V. and Grammatikopoulou, V. (2013). Meeting the Challenge of the Multicultural Classroom through Continuing Professional Development. In: NALDIC Quarterly. 13:3, pp. 7-9.
Palmer, J., (2008) Arabic diglossia: Student perceptions of the spoken Arabic after living in the Arabic speaking world. Arizona Working Papers in SLA & Teaching. 15: 81-95. Available at: https://journals.uair.arizona.edu/index.php/AZSLAT/article/view/21255/20835
Saffaf, S. and Abdel-Hay, N. (2007) Curriculum Guide for Arabic. London: CILT, The National Centre for Languages.